An-Nisaa’
Chapter 4 — An-Nisaa’ (133)
Bismillaah Ar-Rahmaan Ar-Raheem
1. O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and
dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allaah, through whom (134) you
ask one another (135), and the wombs (136). Indeed Allaah is ever (137), over you, an
Observer,
2. And give to the orphans their properties and do not substitute the defective [of your own] for
the good [of theirs]. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, that is ever a
great sin.
3. And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that
please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then
[marry only] one or those your right hands possess [i.e. slaves]. That is more suitable that you
may not incline [to injustice].
4. And give the women [upon marriage] their [bridal] gifts (138) graciously. But if they give up
willingly to you anything of it, then take it in satisfaction and ease. (139)
5. And do not give the weak-minded your property, (140) which Allaah has made a means ofsustenance for you, but provide for them with it and clothe them and speak to them words of
appropriate kindness.
6. And test the orphans [in their abilities] until they reach marriageable age. Then if you
perceive in them sound judgement, release their property to them. And do not consume it
excessively and quickly, [anticipating] that they will grow up. And whoever, [when acting as
guardian], is self-sufficient should refrain [from taking a fee]; and whoever is poor — let him
take according to what is acceptable. Then when you release their property to them, bring
witnesses upon them. And sufficient is Allaah as Accountant.
7. For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of
what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much — an obligatory share.
8. And when [other] relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the [time of] division,
then provide for them [something] out of it [i.e. the estate] and speak to them words of
appropriate kindness.
9. And let those [executors and guardians] fear [injustice] as if they [themselves] had left weak
offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allaah and speak words of appropriate
justice.
10. Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their
bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze [i.e. Hellfire].
11. Allaah instructs you concerning your children [i.e. their portions of inheritance]: for the
male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more,for them is two thirds of one’s estate (141). And if there is only one, for her is half. And for
one’s parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no
children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had
brothers [and/or sisters], for his mother is a sixth (142), after any bequest he [may have] made
or debt (143). Your parents or your children — you know not which of them are nearest to you
in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allaah. Indeed, Allaah is ever
Knowing and Wise.
12. And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child,
for you is one fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they [may have] made or debt. And
for them [i.e. the wives] is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for
them is an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you [may have] made or debt. And if a
man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for
each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third (144), after any
bequest, which was made, or debt, as long as there is no detriment [caused] (145). [This is] an
ordinance from Allaah, and Allaah is Knowing and Forbearing.
13. These are the limits [set by] Allaah, and whoever obeys Allaah and His Messenger will be
admitted by Him to gardens [in Paradise] under which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein;
and that is the great attainment.
14. And whoever disobeys Allaah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits- He will put
him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.
15. Those who commit immorality [i.e. unlawful sexual intercourse] of your women bringagainst them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify (146), confine them [i.e. the
guilty women] to houses until death takes them or Allaah ordains for them [another] way (147).
16. And the two (148) who commit it [i.e. unlawful sexual intercourse] among you — punish
[i.e. dishonor] them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed,
Allaah is ever Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
17. The repentance accepted by Allaah is only for those who do wrong in ignorance [or
carelessness] and then repent soon after. It is those to whom Allaah will turn in forgiveness,
and Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
18. But repentance is not [accepted] of those who [continue to] do evil deeds up until, when
death con to one of them, he says, “Indeed, I have repented now,” or of those who die while
they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.
19. O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion (149).
And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them (150)
unless they commit a clear immorality [i.e. adultery]. And live with them in kindness. For if
you dislike them — perhaps you dislike a thing and Allaah makes therein much good.
20. But if you want to replace one wife with another and you have given one of them a great
amount [in gifts], do not take [back] from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and
manifest sin?
21. And how could you take it while you have gone in unto each other and they have taken
from you a solemn covenant?22. And do not marry those [women] whom your fathers married, except what has already
occurred (151). Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful [to Allaah] and was evil as a way.
23. Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your
father’s sisters, your mother’s sisters, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your
[milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives’ mothers, and your
step daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But
if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives
of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters
simultaneously, except for what has already occurred (152). Indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving
and Merciful.
24. And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess
(153). [This is] the decree of Allaah upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these,
[provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity,
not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them
their due compensation (154) as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you
mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
25. And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he
may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allaah is
most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the
permission of their people and give them their due compensation [i.e. mahr] according to what
is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourserandomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears affliction [i.e. sin], but to be patient is better for
you. And Allaah is Forgiving and Merciful.
26. Allaah wants to make clear to you [the lawful from the unlawful] and guide you to the
[good] practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allaah is Knowing and Wise.
27. Allaah wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow [their] passions want you to
digress [into] a great deviation.
28. And Allaah wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak.
29. O you who have believed, do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly (155) but only [in
lawful] business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allaah
is to you ever Merciful.
30. And whoever does that in aggression and injustice — then We will drive him into a Fire.
And that, for Allaah, is [always] easy.
31. If you avoid the major sins, which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser
sins and admit you to a noble entrance [into Paradise].
32. And do not wish for that by which Allaah has made some of you exceeded others. For men
is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of (156) what they have earned.
And ask Allaah of His bounty. Indeed Allaah is ever, of all things, Knowing.33. And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom
your oaths have bound [to you] — give them their share (157). Indeed Allaah is ever, over all
things, a Witness.
34. Men are in charge of women (158) by [right of] what Allaah has given one over the other
and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly
obedient, guarding in [the husband’s] absence what Allaah would have them guard (159). But
those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance — [first] advise them; [then if they persist],
forsake them in bed; and [finally] strike them (160). But if they obey you [once more], seek no
means against them. Indeed, Allaah is ever Exalted and Grand.
35. And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an
arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allaah will cause it between them.
Indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing and Acquainted [with all things].
36. Worship Allaah and associate nothing with Him and to parents do good, and to relatives,
orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side
(161), the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allaah does not like
those who are self-deluding and boastful,
37. Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allaah has
given them of His bounty — and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
punishment —
38. And [also] those who spend of their wealth to be seen by the people and believe neither inAllaah nor in the Last Day. And he to whom Satan is a companion — then evil is he as a
companion.
39. And what [harm would come] upon them if they believed in Allaah and the Last Day and
spent out of what Allaah provided for them? And Allaah is ever, about them, Knowing.
40. Indeed, Allaah does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom’s weight; while if there is a
good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.
41. So how [will it be] when We bring from every nation a witness and We bring you, [O
Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], against these [people] as a witness?
42. That Day, those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish they could be
covered by the earth. And they will not conceal from Allaah a [single] statement.
43. O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know
what you are saying (162) or in a state of janaabah (163), except those passing through [a place
of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one
of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women [i.e. had sexual
intercourse] and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands
[with it]. Indeed, Allaah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.
44. Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error [in
exchange for it] and wishing you would lose the way?
45. And Allaah is most knowing of your enemies; and sufficient is Allaah as an ally, and
sufficient is Allaah as a helper.46. Among the Jews are those who distort words from their [proper] places [i.e. usages] and
say, “We hear and disobey” and “Hear but be not heard” and “Ra’ina,” (164) twisting their
tongues and defaming the religion. And if they had said [instead], “We hear and obey” and
“Wait for us [to understand],” it would have been better for them and more suitable. But Allaah
has cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few (165).
47. O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down to Muhammad
(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)], confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces
and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers (166). And
ever is the matter [i.e. decree] of Allaah accomplished.
48. Indeed, Allaah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that
for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allaah has certainly fabricated a
tremendous sin.
49. Have you not seen those who claim themselves to be pure? Rather, Allaah purifies whom
He wills, and injustice is not done to them, [even] as much as a thread [inside a date seed].
50. Look how they invent about Allaah untruth, and sufficient is that as a manifest sin.
51. Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in jibt
[superstition], and taghut [false objects of worship] and say about the disbelievers, “These are
better guided than the believers as to the way?”
52. Those are the ones whom Allaah has cursed; and he whom Allaah curses— never will you
find for him a helper.53. Or have they a share of dominion? Then [if that were so], they would not give the people
[even as much as] the speck on a date seed.
54. Or do they envy people for what Allaah has given them of His bounty? But We had already
given the family of Abraham the Scripture and wisdom (167) and conferred upon them a great
kingdom.
55. And some among them believed in it, (168) and some among them were averse to it. And
sufficient is Hell as a blaze.
56. Indeed, those who disbelieve in Our verses — We will drive them into a fire. Every time
their skins are roasted through We will replace them with other skins so they may taste the
punishment. Indeed, Allaah is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.
57. But those who believe and do righteous deeds — We will admit them to gardens beneath
which rivers flow, wherein they abide forever. For them therein are purified spouses, and We
will admit them to deepening shade.
58. Indeed, Allaah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge
between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allaah instructs you. Indeed,
Allaah is ever Hearing and Seeing.
59. O you who have believed, obey Allaah and obey the Messenger and those in authority
among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allaah and the Messenger, if you
should believe in Allaah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.
60. Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, [OMuhammad sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], and what was revealed before you? They wish to
refer legislation to taghut, (169) while they were commanded to reject it; and Satan wishes to
lead them far astray.
61. And when it is said to them, “Come to what Allaah has revealed and to the Messenger,”
you see the hypocrites turning away from you in aversion.
62. So how [will it be] when disaster strikes them because of what their hands have put forth
and then they come to you swearing by Allaah, “We intended nothing but good conduct and
accommodation.”
63. Those are the ones of whom Allaah knows what is in their hearts, so turn away from them
(170) but admonish them and speak to them a far-reaching [i.e. effective] word.
64. And We did not send any messenger except to be obeyed by permission of Allaah. And if,
when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, [O Muhammad sallallaahu alayhi wa
sallam], and asked forgiveness of Allaah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them,
they would have found Allaah Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
65. But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad
sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves
and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full,
willing] submission.
66. And if We had decreed upon them, “Kill yourselves” or “Leave your homes,” they would
not have done it, except for a few of them. But if they had done what they were instructed, itwould have been better for them and a firmer position [for them in faith].
67. And then We would have given them from Us a great reward.
68. And We would have guided them to a straight path.
69. And whoever obeys Allaah and the Messenger — those will be with the ones upon’ whom
Allaah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the
righteous. And excellent are those as companions.
70. That is the bounty from Allaah, and sufficient is Allaah as Knower.
71. O you who have believed, take your precaution and [either] go forth in companies or go
forth all together.
72. And indeed, there is among you he who lingers behind; and if disaster strikes you, he says,
“Allaah has favored me in that I was not present with them.”
73. But if bounty comes to you from Allaah, he will surely say, as if [i.e. showing that] there
had never been between you and him any affection, “Oh, I wish I had been with them so I
could have attained a great attainment (171).”
74. So let those fight in the cause of Allaah who sells the life of this world for the Hereafter.
And he who fights in the cause of Allaah and is killed or achieves victory — We will bestow
upon him a great reward.
75. And what is [the matter] with you that you fight not in the cause of Allaah and [for] the
oppressed among men, women, and children who say, “Our Lord, take us out of this city of
oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us fromYourself a helper?”
76. Those who believe fight in the cause of Allaah, and those who disbelieve fight in the cause
of taghut (172). So fight against the allies of Satan. Indeed, the plot of Satan has ever been
weak.
77. Have you not seen those who were told, “Restrain your hands [from fighting] (173) and
establish prayer and give zakah?” But then when fighting was ordained for them, at once a
party of them feared men as they fear Allaah or with [even] greater fear. They said, “Our Lord,
why have You decreed upon us fighting? If only You had postponed [it for] us for a short
time.” Say, “The enjoyment of this world is little, and the Hereafter is better for he who fears
Allaah. And injustice will not be done to you, [even] as much as a thread [inside a date seed].”
78. Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, even if you should be within towers of lofty
construction. But if good comes to them, they say, “This is from Allaah”; and if evil befalls
them, they say (174), “This is from you.” Say, “All [things] are from Allaah.” So what is [the
matter] with those people that they can hardly understand any statement?
79. What comes to you of good is from Allaah, but what comes to you of evil, [O man], is from
yourself (175). And We have sent you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], to the
people as a messenger, and sufficient is Allaah as Witness.
80. He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allaah; but those who turn away — We have not
sent you over them as a guardian.
81. And they say, “[We pledge] obedience.” But when they leave you, a group of them spendthe night determining to do other than what you say. But Allaah records what they plan by
night. So leave them alone and rely upon Allaah. And sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of
affairs.
82. Then do they not reflect upon the Quran? (176) If it had been from [any] other than Allaah,
they would have found within it much contradiction.
83. And when there comes to them something [i.e. information] about [public] security or fear,
they spread it around. But if they had referred it back to the Messenger or to those of authority
among them, then the ones who [can] draw correct conclusions from it would have known
about it. And if not for the favor of Allaah upon you and His mercy, you would have followed
Satan, except for a few.
84. So fight, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], in the cause of Allaah; you are not
held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers [to join you] that perhaps
Allaah will restrain the [military] might of those who disbelieve. And Allaah is greater in might
and stronger in [exemplary] punishment (177).
85. Whoever intercedes for a good cause will have a share [i.e. reward] there from; and
whoever intercedes for an evil cause will have a portion [i.e. burden] there from. And ever is
Allaah, over all things, a Keeper. (178)
86. And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet [in return] with one better than it or [at
least] return it [in a like manner]. Indeed Allaah is ever, over all things, an Accountant.
87. Allaah — there is no deity except Him. He will surely assemble you for [account on] theDay of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt. And who is more truthful than Allaah in
statement.
88. What is [the matter] with you [that you are] two groups concerning the hypocrites, (179)
while Allaah has made them fall back [into error and disbelief] for what they earned (180). Do
you wish to guide those whom Allaah has sent astray? And he whom Allaah sends astray —
never will you find for him away [of guidance] (181).
89. They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take
from among them allies until they emigrate for the cause of Allaah. But if they turn away [i.e.
refuse], then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them
any ally or helper,
90. Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at [the prospect of] fighting you or fighting their
own people. And if Allaah had willed, lie could have given them power over you, and they
would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer
you peace, then Allaah has not made for you a cause [for fighting] against them.
91. You will find others who wish to obtain security from you and [to] obtain security from
their people. Every time they are returned to [the influence of] disbelief, they fall back into it.
So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or restrain their hands, then seize them
and kill them wherever you overtake them. And those — We have made for you against them a
clear authorization.92. And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake— then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment [diyah] presented to his [i.e. the deceased’s] family [is required], unless they give [up their right as] charity. But if he [i.e. the deceased] was from a people at war with you and he was a believer — then [only] the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty — then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave. And whoever does not find [one or cannot afford to buy one] — then [instead] a fast for two months consecutively, (182) [seeking] acceptance of repentance from Allaah (183). And Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
93. But whoever kills a believer intentionally — his recompense is Hell, wherein he will abide
eternally, and Allaah has become angry with him and has cursed him and has prepared for him
a great punishment.
94. O you who have believed, when you go forth [to fight] in the cause of Allaah, investigate;
and do not say to one who gives you [a greeting of] peace, “You are not a believer,” (184)
aspiring for the goods of worldly life; for with Allaah are many acquisitions. You [yourselves]
were like that before; then Allaah conferred His favor [i.e. guidance] upon you, so investigate.
Indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.
95. Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] — other than the disabled — and the
mujahideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allaah with their wealth and their lives.
Allaah has preferred the mujahideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain
[behind], by degrees. And to all [i.e. both] Allaah has promised the best [reward]. But Allaahhas preferred the mujahideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward —
96. Degrees [of high position] from Him and forgiveness and mercy. And Allaah is ever
Forgiving and Merciful.
97. Indeed, those whom the angels take [in death] while wronging themselves (185) — [the
angels] will say, “In what [condition] were you?” They will say, “We were oppressed in the
land.” They [the angels] will say, “Was not the earth of Allaah spacious [enough] for you to
emigrate therein?” For those, their refuge is Hell — and evil it is as a destination.
98. Except for the oppressed among men, women, and children who cannot devise a plan nor
are they directed to a way (186) —
99. For those it is expected that Allaah will pardon them, and Allaah is ever Pardoning and
Forgiving.
100. And whoever emigrates for the cause of Allaah will find on the earth many [alternative]
locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to Allaah and His
Messenger and then death overtakes him- his reward has already become incumbent upon
Allaah. And Allaah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
101. And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the
prayer, (187) [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you.
(188) Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.
102. And when you [i.e. the commander of an army] are among them and lead them in prayer,
(189) let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry their arms. And whenthey have prostrated, let them be [in position] behind you and have the other group come
forward which has not [yet] prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying
their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your weapons and your baggage
so they could come down upon you in one [single] attack. But there is no blame upon you, if
you are troubled by rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution. Indeed,
Allaah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.
103. And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allaah standing, sitting, or [lying] on
your sides. But when you become secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been
decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
104. And do not weaken in pursuit of the enemy. If you should be suffering— so are they
suffering as you are suffering, but you expect from Allaah that which they expect not. And
Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
105. Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], the Book
in truth so you may judge between the people by that which Allaah has shown you. And do not
be for the deceitful an advocate.
106. And seek forgiveness of Allaah. Indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
107. And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allaah loves not one who is a habitually sinful deceiver.
108. They conceal [their evil intentions and deeds] from the people, but they cannot conceal
[them] from Allaah, and He is with them [in His knowledge] when they spend the night in suchas He does not accept of speech. And ever is Allaah, of what they do, encompassing.
109. Here you are — those who argue on their behalf in [this] worldly life— but who will
argue with Allaah for them on the Day of Resurrection, or who will [then] be their
representative?
110. And whoever does a wrong or wrongs himself but then seeks forgiveness of Allaah will
find Allaah Forgiving and Merciful.
111. And whoever earns [i.e. commits] a sin only earns it against himself. And Allaah is ever
Knowing and Wise.
112. But whoever earns an offense or a sin and then blames it on an innocent [person] has taken upon himself a slander and manifest sin.
113. And if it was not for the favor of Allaah upon you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam], and His mercy, a group of them would have determined to mislead you. But they do
not mislead except themselves, and they will not harm you at all. And Allaah has revealed to
you the Book and wisdom and has taught you that which you did not know. And ever has the
favor of Allaah upon you been great.
114. No good is there in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity
or that which is right or conciliation between people. And whoever does that seeking means to
the approval of Allaah — then We are going to give him a great reward.
116 . Indeed, Allaah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than
that for whom He wills, And he who associates others with Allaah has certainly gone far astray.117. They call upon instead of Him none but female [deities] and they [actually] call upon none but a rebellious Satan,
118. Whom Allaah has cursed. For he had said, “I will surely take from among Your servants a
specific portion.
119. And I will mislead them, and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires, and I will command
them so they will slit the ears of cattle, and I will command them so they will change the
creation of Allaah.” And whoever takes Satan as an ally instead of Allaah has certainly
sustained a clear loss.
120. He [i.e. Satan] promises them and arouses desire in them. But Satan does not promise
them except delusion.
121. The refuge of those will be Hell, and they will not find from it an escape.
122. But the ones who believe and do righteous deeds — We will admit them to gardens
beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. [It is] the promise of Allaah, [which
is] truth, and who is more truthful than Allaah in statement.
123. It [i.e. Paradise] is not [obtained] by your wishful thinking nor by that of the People of the
Scripture. Whoever does a wrong will be recompensed for it, and he will not find besides
Allaah a protector or a helper.
124. And whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer —
those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged, [even as much as] the speck on a date seed.
125. And who is better in religion than one who submits himself to Allaah while being a doerof good and follows the religion of Abraham, inclining toward truth? And Allaah took
Abraham as an intimate friend.
126. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And ever
is Allaah, of all things, encompassing.
127. And they request from you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], a [legal] ruling
concerning women. Say, “Allaah gives you a ruling about them and [about] what has been
recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is decreed for them (191) — and [yet] you desire to marry them and concerning the oppressed among children and that you maintain for orphans [their rights] in justice.” And whatever you do of good — indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing of it.
128. And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there it no sin upon them if
they make terms of settlement between them — and settlement is best. And present in [human]
souls is stinginess (192). But if you do good and fear Allaah — then indeed Allaah is ever, with
what you do, Acquainted.
129. And you will never be able to be equal [in feeling] between wives, even if you should
strive [to do so]. So do not incline completely [towards one] and leave another hanging (193).
And if you amend [your affairs] and fear Allaah — then indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving and
Merciful.
130. But if they separate [by divorce], Allaah will enrich each [of them] from His abundance.
And ever is Allaah Encompassing and Wise.131. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And We
have instructed those who were given the Scripture before you and yourselves to fear Allaah.
But if you disbelieve — then to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on
the earth. And ever is Allaah Free of need and Praiseworthy.
132. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And
sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of affairs.
133. If He wills, He can do away with you, O people, and bring others [in your place]. And
ever is Allaah competent to do that.
134. Whoever desires the reward of this world - then with Allaah is the reward of this world
and the Hereafter. And ever is Allaah Hearing and Seeing.
135. O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm injustice, witnesses for Allaah,
even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allaah is
more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you
distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do,
Acquainted.
136. O you who have believed, believe (195) in Allaah and His Messenger and the Book that
He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever
disbelieves in Allaah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly
gone far astray.
137. Indeed, those who have believed then disbelieved, then believed then disbelieved, andthen increased in disbelief — never will Allaah forgive them, or will He guide them to a way.
138. Give tidings to the hypocrites that there is for them a painful punishment —
139. Those who take disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do they seek with them
honor [through power]? But indeed, honor belongs to Allaah entirely (196).
140. And it has already come down to you in the Book [i.e. the Quran] that when you hear the
verses of Allaah [recited] they are denied [by them] and ridiculed; so do not sit with them until
they enter into another conversation. Indeed, you would then be like them (197). Indeed, Allaah
will gather the hypocrites and disbelievers in Hell all together—
141. Those who wait [and watch] you. Then if you gain a victory from Allaah, they say, “Were
we not with you?” But if the disbelievers have a success, they say [to them], “Did we not gain
the advantage over you, but we protected you from the believers?” Allaah will judge between
[all of] you on the Day of Resurrection, and never will Allaah give the disbelievers over the
believers a way [to overcome them] (198).
142. Indeed, the hypocrites [think to] deceive Allaah, but He is deceiving them. And when they
stand for prayer, they stand lazily, showing [themselves to] the people and not remembering
Allaah except a little,
143. Wavering between them, [belonging] neither to these [i.e. the believers] nor to those [i.e.
the disbelievers]. And whoever Allaah leaves astray — never will you find for him a way.
144. O you who have believed, do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do you wish to give Allaah against yourselves a clear case?145. Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire—and never will you find for
them a helper —
146. Except for those who repent, correct themselves, hold fast to Allaah and are sincere in
their religion for Allaah, for those will be with the believers. And Allaah is going to give the
believers a great reward.
147. What would Allaah do with [i.e. gain from] your punishment if you are grateful and
believe? And ever is Allaah Appreciative and Knowing.
148. Allaah does not like the public mention of evil except by one who has been wronged. And ever is Allaah Hearing and Knowing.
149. If [instead] you show [some] good or conceal it or pardon an offense — indeed, Allaah is
ever Pardoning and Competent (199).
150. Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allaah and His messengers and wish to discriminate
between Allaah and His messengers and say, “We believe in some and disbelieve in others,”
and wish to adopt a way in between —
151. Those are the disbelievers, truly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
punishment.
152. But they who believe in Allaah and His messengers and do not discriminate between any
of them — to those He is going to give their rewards. And ever is Allaah Forgiving and
Merciful.
153. The People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven. Butthey had asked of Moses [even] greater than that and said, “Show us Allaah outright,” so the
thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing. Then they took the calf [for worship] after clear
evidences had come to them, and We pardoned that. And We gave Moses a clear authority.
154. And We rose over them the mount for [refusal of] their covenant; and We said to them,
“Enter the gate bowing humbly”; and We said to them, “Do not transgress on the Sabbath” and
We took from them a solemn covenant.
155. And [We cursed them] (200) for their breaking of the covenant and their disbelief in the
signs of Allaah and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, “Our hearts are
wrapped” [i.e. sealed against reception]. Rather, Allaah has sealed them because of their
disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few (201).
156. And [We cursed them] for their disbelief and their saying against
Mary a great slander (202),
157. And [for] their saying, “Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the
messenger of Allaah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was
made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They
have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for
certain (203).
158. Rather, Allaah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allaah Exalted in Might and Wise.
159. And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in him
[i.e. Jesus] before his death (204). And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them awitness.
160. For wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We made unlawful for them [certain] good foods
which had been lawful to them, and for their averting from the way of Allaah many [people].
161. And [for] their taking of usury while they had been forbidden from it, and their consuming
of the people’s wealth unjustly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers — among them a
painful punishment.
162. But those firm in knowledge among them and the believers believe in what has been
revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], and what _ was revealed before
you. And the establishers of prayer [especially] and the givers of zakah and the believers in
Allaah and the Last Day — those We will give a great reward.
163. Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], as We
revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac,
Jacob, the Descendants (205), Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave
the book [of Psalms].
164. And [We sent] messengers about whom We have related [their stories] to you before and
messengers about whom We have not related to you. And Allaah spoke to Moses with [direct]
speech.
165. [We sent] messengers as bringers of good tidings and warners so that mankind will have
no argument against Allaah after the messengers. And ever is Allaah Exalted in Might and
Wise.166. But Allaah bears witness to that which He has revealed to you. He has sent it down with
His knowledge, and the angels bear witness [as well]. And sufficient is Allaah as Witness.
167. Indeed, those who disbelieve and avert [people] from the way of Allaah have certainly
gone far astray.
168. Indeed, those who disbelieve and commit wrong [or injustice] — never will Allaah forgive
them, nor will He guide them to a path,
169. Except the path of Hell; they will abide therein forever. And that, for Allaah, is [always]
easy.
170. O mankind, the Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord, so believe; it is
better for you. But if you disbelieve — then indeed, to Allaah belongs whatever is in the
heavens and earth. And ever is Allaah Knowing and Wise.
171. O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion (206) or say about Allaah
except the truth, The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allaah and His
word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in
Allaah and His messengers. And do not say, ‘Three;’ desist — it is better for you. Indeed,
Allaah is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the
heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of affairs.
172. Never would the Messiah disdain to be a servant of Allaah, nor would the angels near [to
Him]. And whoever disdains His worship and is arrogant — He will gather them to Himself all
together.
173. And as for those who believed and did righteous deeds, He will give them in full their
rewards and grant them extra from His bounty. But as for those who disdained and were
arrogant, He will punish them with a painful punishment, and they will not find for themselves
besides Allaah any protector or helper.
174. O mankind, there has come to you a conclusive proof from your Lord, and We have sent
down to you a clear light (207).
175. So those who believe in Allaah and hold fast to Him — He will admit them to mercy from
Himself and bounty and guide them to Himself on a straight path.
176. They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, “Allaah gives you a ruling concerning one
having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs].” If a man dies, leaving no child but [only]
a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no
child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two thirds of what he left. If there
are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allaah makes clear to
you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allaah is Knowing of all things.
_____________________________________________________________
Footnotes:
133. An-Nisaa’: The Women.
134. in whose name.
135. i.e. request favors and demand rights.136. i.e. fear Allaah in regard to relations of kinship.
137. When used in conjunction with Allaah’s attributes the word ever (occurring repeatedly
throughout this Chapter and elsewhere, such as in Chapter Al-Ahzaab) is quite inadequate in
imparting the sense of continuation expressed by the word kana in Arabic, which indicates
“always was, is, and always will be.”
138. The obligatory bridal gift (mahr).
139. Knowing that it is lawful,
140. Although it is their property, Allaah (Subhanahu Wa ta’ala) refers to it in the collective
sense, reminding us that all wealth is provided by Him for the maintenance of the community
as well as of individual members.
141. Literally, “that which he left.”
142. Although the siblings themselves do not inherit in this case.
143. Based upon prophetic Hadiths, scholars have ruled that debt takes precedent over a
bequest, that a bequest may not include any who inherit by law, and that the total bequest may
not be more than one third of one’s estate. After the fulfillment of debts and bequests (if any),
the remainder of the estate is lobe divided according to the ordinances in this Chapter.
144. These shares are divided equally between males and females.
145. This is a condition for any bequest. If it has been violated by the deceased, his bequest is
not to he honored, or it maybe adjusted by the executor. See 2:182.
146. The witnesses must swear to actually having seen the act-taking place.147. The “other way” (i.e. penalty) was later revealed in 24:2, canceling the ruling in this verse.
148. Scholars differ over whether “the two” refers to two of the same sex (i.e., homosexuals) or
those of opposite sexes. In either case, later rulings outlined in the Sunnah have replaced this
one.
149. The deceased man’s heirs have no rights of marriage or otherwise over his widow.
150. at the time of marriage as mahr.
151. before Islam. After the ruling was revealed by Allaah, men were required to release those
women unlawful to them (e.g., a stepmother, one of two sisters, or any wives over the limit of
four). The same obligation applies to one once he has accepted Islam.
152. See previous footnote.
153. i.e. slaves or war captives who had polytheist husbands.
154. The mahr, a specified gift to the bride required of the man upon marriage.
155. i.e. unlawfully or under false pretense.
156. This may refer to shares of inheritance, wages and reward in the Hereafter.
157. By bequest, as only those relatives mentioned in verses 11 and 12 inherit fixed shares.
158. This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
159. i.e. their husbands’ property and their own chastity.
160. as a last resort. Ii is unlawful to strike the face or to cause bodily injury.
161 i.e. those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife.162. The use of intoxicants was later prohibited completely. See 5:90-91.
163. Literally, “distance.” The state of one under obligation to perform Ghusl (a complete bath)
due to having had sexual intercourse or ejaculation.
164. See footnote to 2:104.
165. Or “except with little belief.”
166. See 7:163-166.
167. Prophetic teachings.
168. In what was given to them. Also interpreted as “in him,” i.e., Muhammad (sallallaahu
alayhi wa sallam)
169. False objects of worship or those transgressors who usurp the divine right of government.
170. i.e. use not violence against them.
171. The spoils of war. Although having pretended to befriend the believers in support of
Allaah’s religion, the hypocrite will not be willing to fight except for material gain.
172. See footnote to 4:60.
173. Before Allaah gave permission.
174. Addressing the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam)
175. As a result of your mistakes or sins.
176. i.e. its meanings and its objective.
177. Allaah is able to defeat them in such a way as to deter others from attempting anythingsimilar.
178. Providing protecting, witnessing, keeping precise records and capable of recompense.
179. i.e. divided between two view points — whether or not they should be fought and killed.
180. As the result of their disobedience and disloyally.
181. Allaah (Subhanahu wa ta’ala) leaves or sends astray those who choose to reject His
guidance.
182. Uninterrupted except when there is an islamically valid reason, as in Ramadhan.
183. An accidental death usually results from some degree of negligence or error for which the
believer feels the need to repent.
184. Do not assume that he pretends Islam merely in order to save himself, for he may be
sincere in faith.
185. By preferring to remain among the disbelievers, although they have the means to emigrate,
in an environment where a Muslim is unable to practice his religion freely.
186. They are prevented by circumstances beyond their control.
187. The four rak’ah prayers are shortened to two rak’ahs.
188. The example of the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) and his companions illustrates
that fear is not a condition for this allowance, merely travel.
189. at times of fear on the battleground.
190. i.e. make him responsible for his choice.191. i.e. their rights, in general, and their mahr, specifically.
192. i.e. holding on to self-interests.
193. Neither divorced nor enjoying the rights of marriage.
194. i.e. more knowledgeable of their best interests. Therefore, adhere to what He has enjoined
upon you and testify honestly.
195. i.e. renew, confirm and adhere to your belief.
196. Being the source of all power and honor, Allaah grants them to whom He wills.
197. In this world, by participation in their blasphemy, and in the next, where you will shore
their punishment.
198. In the Hereafter, but possibly in this world as well.
199. Allaah is always able to exact retribution, although He pardons out of His grace.
200. Another interpretation is “And [We made certain good foods unlawful to them],” based
upon verse 160.
201. Or ‘except with little belief.’
202. When they accused her of fornication.
203. Another meaning is “And they did not kill him, being certain [of his identity],” i.e. they
killed another assuming it was Jesus (upon whom be peace).
204. One interpretation is that “his death” refers to that of Jesus after his return to earth. Or it
can mean “the death of every individual from among the People of the Scripture.”205. Al-Asbat: See footnote to 2136.
206. Such as attributing divine qualities to certain creations of Allaah or revering them
excessively.
207. Showing the truth (i.e. the Quran).
_____________________________________________________________
Bismillaah Ar-Rahmaan Ar-Raheem
1. O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and
dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allaah, through whom (134) you
ask one another (135), and the wombs (136). Indeed Allaah is ever (137), over you, an
Observer,
2. And give to the orphans their properties and do not substitute the defective [of your own] for
the good [of theirs]. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, that is ever a
great sin.
3. And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that
please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then
[marry only] one or those your right hands possess [i.e. slaves]. That is more suitable that you
may not incline [to injustice].
4. And give the women [upon marriage] their [bridal] gifts (138) graciously. But if they give up
willingly to you anything of it, then take it in satisfaction and ease. (139)
5. And do not give the weak-minded your property, (140) which Allaah has made a means ofsustenance for you, but provide for them with it and clothe them and speak to them words of
appropriate kindness.
6. And test the orphans [in their abilities] until they reach marriageable age. Then if you
perceive in them sound judgement, release their property to them. And do not consume it
excessively and quickly, [anticipating] that they will grow up. And whoever, [when acting as
guardian], is self-sufficient should refrain [from taking a fee]; and whoever is poor — let him
take according to what is acceptable. Then when you release their property to them, bring
witnesses upon them. And sufficient is Allaah as Accountant.
7. For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of
what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much — an obligatory share.
8. And when [other] relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the [time of] division,
then provide for them [something] out of it [i.e. the estate] and speak to them words of
appropriate kindness.
9. And let those [executors and guardians] fear [injustice] as if they [themselves] had left weak
offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allaah and speak words of appropriate
justice.
10. Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their
bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze [i.e. Hellfire].
11. Allaah instructs you concerning your children [i.e. their portions of inheritance]: for the
male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more,for them is two thirds of one’s estate (141). And if there is only one, for her is half. And for
one’s parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no
children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had
brothers [and/or sisters], for his mother is a sixth (142), after any bequest he [may have] made
or debt (143). Your parents or your children — you know not which of them are nearest to you
in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allaah. Indeed, Allaah is ever
Knowing and Wise.
12. And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child,
for you is one fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they [may have] made or debt. And
for them [i.e. the wives] is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for
them is an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you [may have] made or debt. And if a
man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for
each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third (144), after any
bequest, which was made, or debt, as long as there is no detriment [caused] (145). [This is] an
ordinance from Allaah, and Allaah is Knowing and Forbearing.
13. These are the limits [set by] Allaah, and whoever obeys Allaah and His Messenger will be
admitted by Him to gardens [in Paradise] under which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein;
and that is the great attainment.
14. And whoever disobeys Allaah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits- He will put
him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.
15. Those who commit immorality [i.e. unlawful sexual intercourse] of your women bringagainst them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify (146), confine them [i.e. the
guilty women] to houses until death takes them or Allaah ordains for them [another] way (147).
16. And the two (148) who commit it [i.e. unlawful sexual intercourse] among you — punish
[i.e. dishonor] them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed,
Allaah is ever Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
17. The repentance accepted by Allaah is only for those who do wrong in ignorance [or
carelessness] and then repent soon after. It is those to whom Allaah will turn in forgiveness,
and Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
18. But repentance is not [accepted] of those who [continue to] do evil deeds up until, when
death con to one of them, he says, “Indeed, I have repented now,” or of those who die while
they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.
19. O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion (149).
And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them (150)
unless they commit a clear immorality [i.e. adultery]. And live with them in kindness. For if
you dislike them — perhaps you dislike a thing and Allaah makes therein much good.
20. But if you want to replace one wife with another and you have given one of them a great
amount [in gifts], do not take [back] from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and
manifest sin?
21. And how could you take it while you have gone in unto each other and they have taken
from you a solemn covenant?22. And do not marry those [women] whom your fathers married, except what has already
occurred (151). Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful [to Allaah] and was evil as a way.
23. Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your
father’s sisters, your mother’s sisters, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your
[milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives’ mothers, and your
step daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But
if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives
of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters
simultaneously, except for what has already occurred (152). Indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving
and Merciful.
24. And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess
(153). [This is] the decree of Allaah upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these,
[provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity,
not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them
their due compensation (154) as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you
mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
25. And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he
may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allaah is
most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the
permission of their people and give them their due compensation [i.e. mahr] according to what
is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourserandomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears affliction [i.e. sin], but to be patient is better for
you. And Allaah is Forgiving and Merciful.
26. Allaah wants to make clear to you [the lawful from the unlawful] and guide you to the
[good] practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allaah is Knowing and Wise.
27. Allaah wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow [their] passions want you to
digress [into] a great deviation.
28. And Allaah wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak.
29. O you who have believed, do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly (155) but only [in
lawful] business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allaah
is to you ever Merciful.
30. And whoever does that in aggression and injustice — then We will drive him into a Fire.
And that, for Allaah, is [always] easy.
31. If you avoid the major sins, which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser
sins and admit you to a noble entrance [into Paradise].
32. And do not wish for that by which Allaah has made some of you exceeded others. For men
is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of (156) what they have earned.
And ask Allaah of His bounty. Indeed Allaah is ever, of all things, Knowing.33. And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom
your oaths have bound [to you] — give them their share (157). Indeed Allaah is ever, over all
things, a Witness.
34. Men are in charge of women (158) by [right of] what Allaah has given one over the other
and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly
obedient, guarding in [the husband’s] absence what Allaah would have them guard (159). But
those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance — [first] advise them; [then if they persist],
forsake them in bed; and [finally] strike them (160). But if they obey you [once more], seek no
means against them. Indeed, Allaah is ever Exalted and Grand.
35. And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an
arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allaah will cause it between them.
Indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing and Acquainted [with all things].
36. Worship Allaah and associate nothing with Him and to parents do good, and to relatives,
orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side
(161), the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allaah does not like
those who are self-deluding and boastful,
37. Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allaah has
given them of His bounty — and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
punishment —
38. And [also] those who spend of their wealth to be seen by the people and believe neither inAllaah nor in the Last Day. And he to whom Satan is a companion — then evil is he as a
companion.
39. And what [harm would come] upon them if they believed in Allaah and the Last Day and
spent out of what Allaah provided for them? And Allaah is ever, about them, Knowing.
40. Indeed, Allaah does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom’s weight; while if there is a
good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.
41. So how [will it be] when We bring from every nation a witness and We bring you, [O
Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], against these [people] as a witness?
42. That Day, those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish they could be
covered by the earth. And they will not conceal from Allaah a [single] statement.
43. O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know
what you are saying (162) or in a state of janaabah (163), except those passing through [a place
of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one
of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women [i.e. had sexual
intercourse] and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands
[with it]. Indeed, Allaah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.
44. Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error [in
exchange for it] and wishing you would lose the way?
45. And Allaah is most knowing of your enemies; and sufficient is Allaah as an ally, and
sufficient is Allaah as a helper.46. Among the Jews are those who distort words from their [proper] places [i.e. usages] and
say, “We hear and disobey” and “Hear but be not heard” and “Ra’ina,” (164) twisting their
tongues and defaming the religion. And if they had said [instead], “We hear and obey” and
“Wait for us [to understand],” it would have been better for them and more suitable. But Allaah
has cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few (165).
47. O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down to Muhammad
(sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)], confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces
and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers (166). And
ever is the matter [i.e. decree] of Allaah accomplished.
48. Indeed, Allaah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that
for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allaah has certainly fabricated a
tremendous sin.
49. Have you not seen those who claim themselves to be pure? Rather, Allaah purifies whom
He wills, and injustice is not done to them, [even] as much as a thread [inside a date seed].
50. Look how they invent about Allaah untruth, and sufficient is that as a manifest sin.
51. Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in jibt
[superstition], and taghut [false objects of worship] and say about the disbelievers, “These are
better guided than the believers as to the way?”
52. Those are the ones whom Allaah has cursed; and he whom Allaah curses— never will you
find for him a helper.53. Or have they a share of dominion? Then [if that were so], they would not give the people
[even as much as] the speck on a date seed.
54. Or do they envy people for what Allaah has given them of His bounty? But We had already
given the family of Abraham the Scripture and wisdom (167) and conferred upon them a great
kingdom.
55. And some among them believed in it, (168) and some among them were averse to it. And
sufficient is Hell as a blaze.
56. Indeed, those who disbelieve in Our verses — We will drive them into a fire. Every time
their skins are roasted through We will replace them with other skins so they may taste the
punishment. Indeed, Allaah is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.
57. But those who believe and do righteous deeds — We will admit them to gardens beneath
which rivers flow, wherein they abide forever. For them therein are purified spouses, and We
will admit them to deepening shade.
58. Indeed, Allaah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge
between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allaah instructs you. Indeed,
Allaah is ever Hearing and Seeing.
59. O you who have believed, obey Allaah and obey the Messenger and those in authority
among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allaah and the Messenger, if you
should believe in Allaah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.
60. Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, [OMuhammad sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], and what was revealed before you? They wish to
refer legislation to taghut, (169) while they were commanded to reject it; and Satan wishes to
lead them far astray.
61. And when it is said to them, “Come to what Allaah has revealed and to the Messenger,”
you see the hypocrites turning away from you in aversion.
62. So how [will it be] when disaster strikes them because of what their hands have put forth
and then they come to you swearing by Allaah, “We intended nothing but good conduct and
accommodation.”
63. Those are the ones of whom Allaah knows what is in their hearts, so turn away from them
(170) but admonish them and speak to them a far-reaching [i.e. effective] word.
64. And We did not send any messenger except to be obeyed by permission of Allaah. And if,
when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, [O Muhammad sallallaahu alayhi wa
sallam], and asked forgiveness of Allaah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them,
they would have found Allaah Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
65. But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad
sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves
and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full,
willing] submission.
66. And if We had decreed upon them, “Kill yourselves” or “Leave your homes,” they would
not have done it, except for a few of them. But if they had done what they were instructed, itwould have been better for them and a firmer position [for them in faith].
67. And then We would have given them from Us a great reward.
68. And We would have guided them to a straight path.
69. And whoever obeys Allaah and the Messenger — those will be with the ones upon’ whom
Allaah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the
righteous. And excellent are those as companions.
70. That is the bounty from Allaah, and sufficient is Allaah as Knower.
71. O you who have believed, take your precaution and [either] go forth in companies or go
forth all together.
72. And indeed, there is among you he who lingers behind; and if disaster strikes you, he says,
“Allaah has favored me in that I was not present with them.”
73. But if bounty comes to you from Allaah, he will surely say, as if [i.e. showing that] there
had never been between you and him any affection, “Oh, I wish I had been with them so I
could have attained a great attainment (171).”
74. So let those fight in the cause of Allaah who sells the life of this world for the Hereafter.
And he who fights in the cause of Allaah and is killed or achieves victory — We will bestow
upon him a great reward.
75. And what is [the matter] with you that you fight not in the cause of Allaah and [for] the
oppressed among men, women, and children who say, “Our Lord, take us out of this city of
oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us fromYourself a helper?”
76. Those who believe fight in the cause of Allaah, and those who disbelieve fight in the cause
of taghut (172). So fight against the allies of Satan. Indeed, the plot of Satan has ever been
weak.
77. Have you not seen those who were told, “Restrain your hands [from fighting] (173) and
establish prayer and give zakah?” But then when fighting was ordained for them, at once a
party of them feared men as they fear Allaah or with [even] greater fear. They said, “Our Lord,
why have You decreed upon us fighting? If only You had postponed [it for] us for a short
time.” Say, “The enjoyment of this world is little, and the Hereafter is better for he who fears
Allaah. And injustice will not be done to you, [even] as much as a thread [inside a date seed].”
78. Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, even if you should be within towers of lofty
construction. But if good comes to them, they say, “This is from Allaah”; and if evil befalls
them, they say (174), “This is from you.” Say, “All [things] are from Allaah.” So what is [the
matter] with those people that they can hardly understand any statement?
79. What comes to you of good is from Allaah, but what comes to you of evil, [O man], is from
yourself (175). And We have sent you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], to the
people as a messenger, and sufficient is Allaah as Witness.
80. He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allaah; but those who turn away — We have not
sent you over them as a guardian.
81. And they say, “[We pledge] obedience.” But when they leave you, a group of them spendthe night determining to do other than what you say. But Allaah records what they plan by
night. So leave them alone and rely upon Allaah. And sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of
affairs.
82. Then do they not reflect upon the Quran? (176) If it had been from [any] other than Allaah,
they would have found within it much contradiction.
83. And when there comes to them something [i.e. information] about [public] security or fear,
they spread it around. But if they had referred it back to the Messenger or to those of authority
among them, then the ones who [can] draw correct conclusions from it would have known
about it. And if not for the favor of Allaah upon you and His mercy, you would have followed
Satan, except for a few.
84. So fight, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam], in the cause of Allaah; you are not
held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers [to join you] that perhaps
Allaah will restrain the [military] might of those who disbelieve. And Allaah is greater in might
and stronger in [exemplary] punishment (177).
85. Whoever intercedes for a good cause will have a share [i.e. reward] there from; and
whoever intercedes for an evil cause will have a portion [i.e. burden] there from. And ever is
Allaah, over all things, a Keeper. (178)
86. And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet [in return] with one better than it or [at
least] return it [in a like manner]. Indeed Allaah is ever, over all things, an Accountant.
87. Allaah — there is no deity except Him. He will surely assemble you for [account on] theDay of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt. And who is more truthful than Allaah in
statement.
88. What is [the matter] with you [that you are] two groups concerning the hypocrites, (179)
while Allaah has made them fall back [into error and disbelief] for what they earned (180). Do
you wish to guide those whom Allaah has sent astray? And he whom Allaah sends astray —
never will you find for him away [of guidance] (181).
89. They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take
from among them allies until they emigrate for the cause of Allaah. But if they turn away [i.e.
refuse], then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them
any ally or helper,
90. Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at [the prospect of] fighting you or fighting their
own people. And if Allaah had willed, lie could have given them power over you, and they
would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer
you peace, then Allaah has not made for you a cause [for fighting] against them.
91. You will find others who wish to obtain security from you and [to] obtain security from
their people. Every time they are returned to [the influence of] disbelief, they fall back into it.
So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or restrain their hands, then seize them
and kill them wherever you overtake them. And those — We have made for you against them a
clear authorization.92. And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake— then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment [diyah] presented to his [i.e. the deceased’s] family [is required], unless they give [up their right as] charity. But if he [i.e. the deceased] was from a people at war with you and he was a believer — then [only] the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty — then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave. And whoever does not find [one or cannot afford to buy one] — then [instead] a fast for two months consecutively, (182) [seeking] acceptance of repentance from Allaah (183). And Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
93. But whoever kills a believer intentionally — his recompense is Hell, wherein he will abide
eternally, and Allaah has become angry with him and has cursed him and has prepared for him
a great punishment.
94. O you who have believed, when you go forth [to fight] in the cause of Allaah, investigate;
and do not say to one who gives you [a greeting of] peace, “You are not a believer,” (184)
aspiring for the goods of worldly life; for with Allaah are many acquisitions. You [yourselves]
were like that before; then Allaah conferred His favor [i.e. guidance] upon you, so investigate.
Indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.
95. Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] — other than the disabled — and the
mujahideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allaah with their wealth and their lives.
Allaah has preferred the mujahideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain
[behind], by degrees. And to all [i.e. both] Allaah has promised the best [reward]. But Allaahhas preferred the mujahideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward —
96. Degrees [of high position] from Him and forgiveness and mercy. And Allaah is ever
Forgiving and Merciful.
97. Indeed, those whom the angels take [in death] while wronging themselves (185) — [the
angels] will say, “In what [condition] were you?” They will say, “We were oppressed in the
land.” They [the angels] will say, “Was not the earth of Allaah spacious [enough] for you to
emigrate therein?” For those, their refuge is Hell — and evil it is as a destination.
98. Except for the oppressed among men, women, and children who cannot devise a plan nor
are they directed to a way (186) —
99. For those it is expected that Allaah will pardon them, and Allaah is ever Pardoning and
Forgiving.
100. And whoever emigrates for the cause of Allaah will find on the earth many [alternative]
locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to Allaah and His
Messenger and then death overtakes him- his reward has already become incumbent upon
Allaah. And Allaah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
101. And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the
prayer, (187) [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you.
(188) Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.
102. And when you [i.e. the commander of an army] are among them and lead them in prayer,
(189) let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry their arms. And whenthey have prostrated, let them be [in position] behind you and have the other group come
forward which has not [yet] prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying
their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your weapons and your baggage
so they could come down upon you in one [single] attack. But there is no blame upon you, if
you are troubled by rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution. Indeed,
Allaah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.
103. And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allaah standing, sitting, or [lying] on
your sides. But when you become secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been
decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
104. And do not weaken in pursuit of the enemy. If you should be suffering— so are they
suffering as you are suffering, but you expect from Allaah that which they expect not. And
Allaah is ever Knowing and Wise.
105. Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], the Book
in truth so you may judge between the people by that which Allaah has shown you. And do not
be for the deceitful an advocate.
106. And seek forgiveness of Allaah. Indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
107. And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allaah loves not one who is a habitually sinful deceiver.
108. They conceal [their evil intentions and deeds] from the people, but they cannot conceal
[them] from Allaah, and He is with them [in His knowledge] when they spend the night in suchas He does not accept of speech. And ever is Allaah, of what they do, encompassing.
109. Here you are — those who argue on their behalf in [this] worldly life— but who will
argue with Allaah for them on the Day of Resurrection, or who will [then] be their
representative?
110. And whoever does a wrong or wrongs himself but then seeks forgiveness of Allaah will
find Allaah Forgiving and Merciful.
111. And whoever earns [i.e. commits] a sin only earns it against himself. And Allaah is ever
Knowing and Wise.
112. But whoever earns an offense or a sin and then blames it on an innocent [person] has taken upon himself a slander and manifest sin.
113. And if it was not for the favor of Allaah upon you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam], and His mercy, a group of them would have determined to mislead you. But they do
not mislead except themselves, and they will not harm you at all. And Allaah has revealed to
you the Book and wisdom and has taught you that which you did not know. And ever has the
favor of Allaah upon you been great.
114. No good is there in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity
or that which is right or conciliation between people. And whoever does that seeking means to
the approval of Allaah — then We are going to give him a great reward.
116 . Indeed, Allaah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than
that for whom He wills, And he who associates others with Allaah has certainly gone far astray.117. They call upon instead of Him none but female [deities] and they [actually] call upon none but a rebellious Satan,
118. Whom Allaah has cursed. For he had said, “I will surely take from among Your servants a
specific portion.
119. And I will mislead them, and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires, and I will command
them so they will slit the ears of cattle, and I will command them so they will change the
creation of Allaah.” And whoever takes Satan as an ally instead of Allaah has certainly
sustained a clear loss.
120. He [i.e. Satan] promises them and arouses desire in them. But Satan does not promise
them except delusion.
121. The refuge of those will be Hell, and they will not find from it an escape.
122. But the ones who believe and do righteous deeds — We will admit them to gardens
beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. [It is] the promise of Allaah, [which
is] truth, and who is more truthful than Allaah in statement.
123. It [i.e. Paradise] is not [obtained] by your wishful thinking nor by that of the People of the
Scripture. Whoever does a wrong will be recompensed for it, and he will not find besides
Allaah a protector or a helper.
124. And whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer —
those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged, [even as much as] the speck on a date seed.
125. And who is better in religion than one who submits himself to Allaah while being a doerof good and follows the religion of Abraham, inclining toward truth? And Allaah took
Abraham as an intimate friend.
126. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And ever
is Allaah, of all things, encompassing.
127. And they request from you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], a [legal] ruling
concerning women. Say, “Allaah gives you a ruling about them and [about] what has been
recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is decreed for them (191) — and [yet] you desire to marry them and concerning the oppressed among children and that you maintain for orphans [their rights] in justice.” And whatever you do of good — indeed, Allaah is ever Knowing of it.
128. And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there it no sin upon them if
they make terms of settlement between them — and settlement is best. And present in [human]
souls is stinginess (192). But if you do good and fear Allaah — then indeed Allaah is ever, with
what you do, Acquainted.
129. And you will never be able to be equal [in feeling] between wives, even if you should
strive [to do so]. So do not incline completely [towards one] and leave another hanging (193).
And if you amend [your affairs] and fear Allaah — then indeed, Allaah is ever Forgiving and
Merciful.
130. But if they separate [by divorce], Allaah will enrich each [of them] from His abundance.
And ever is Allaah Encompassing and Wise.131. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And We
have instructed those who were given the Scripture before you and yourselves to fear Allaah.
But if you disbelieve — then to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on
the earth. And ever is Allaah Free of need and Praiseworthy.
132. And to Allaah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And
sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of affairs.
133. If He wills, He can do away with you, O people, and bring others [in your place]. And
ever is Allaah competent to do that.
134. Whoever desires the reward of this world - then with Allaah is the reward of this world
and the Hereafter. And ever is Allaah Hearing and Seeing.
135. O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm injustice, witnesses for Allaah,
even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allaah is
more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you
distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do,
Acquainted.
136. O you who have believed, believe (195) in Allaah and His Messenger and the Book that
He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever
disbelieves in Allaah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly
gone far astray.
137. Indeed, those who have believed then disbelieved, then believed then disbelieved, andthen increased in disbelief — never will Allaah forgive them, or will He guide them to a way.
138. Give tidings to the hypocrites that there is for them a painful punishment —
139. Those who take disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do they seek with them
honor [through power]? But indeed, honor belongs to Allaah entirely (196).
140. And it has already come down to you in the Book [i.e. the Quran] that when you hear the
verses of Allaah [recited] they are denied [by them] and ridiculed; so do not sit with them until
they enter into another conversation. Indeed, you would then be like them (197). Indeed, Allaah
will gather the hypocrites and disbelievers in Hell all together—
141. Those who wait [and watch] you. Then if you gain a victory from Allaah, they say, “Were
we not with you?” But if the disbelievers have a success, they say [to them], “Did we not gain
the advantage over you, but we protected you from the believers?” Allaah will judge between
[all of] you on the Day of Resurrection, and never will Allaah give the disbelievers over the
believers a way [to overcome them] (198).
142. Indeed, the hypocrites [think to] deceive Allaah, but He is deceiving them. And when they
stand for prayer, they stand lazily, showing [themselves to] the people and not remembering
Allaah except a little,
143. Wavering between them, [belonging] neither to these [i.e. the believers] nor to those [i.e.
the disbelievers]. And whoever Allaah leaves astray — never will you find for him a way.
144. O you who have believed, do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do you wish to give Allaah against yourselves a clear case?145. Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire—and never will you find for
them a helper —
146. Except for those who repent, correct themselves, hold fast to Allaah and are sincere in
their religion for Allaah, for those will be with the believers. And Allaah is going to give the
believers a great reward.
147. What would Allaah do with [i.e. gain from] your punishment if you are grateful and
believe? And ever is Allaah Appreciative and Knowing.
148. Allaah does not like the public mention of evil except by one who has been wronged. And ever is Allaah Hearing and Knowing.
149. If [instead] you show [some] good or conceal it or pardon an offense — indeed, Allaah is
ever Pardoning and Competent (199).
150. Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allaah and His messengers and wish to discriminate
between Allaah and His messengers and say, “We believe in some and disbelieve in others,”
and wish to adopt a way in between —
151. Those are the disbelievers, truly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
punishment.
152. But they who believe in Allaah and His messengers and do not discriminate between any
of them — to those He is going to give their rewards. And ever is Allaah Forgiving and
Merciful.
153. The People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven. Butthey had asked of Moses [even] greater than that and said, “Show us Allaah outright,” so the
thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing. Then they took the calf [for worship] after clear
evidences had come to them, and We pardoned that. And We gave Moses a clear authority.
154. And We rose over them the mount for [refusal of] their covenant; and We said to them,
“Enter the gate bowing humbly”; and We said to them, “Do not transgress on the Sabbath” and
We took from them a solemn covenant.
155. And [We cursed them] (200) for their breaking of the covenant and their disbelief in the
signs of Allaah and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, “Our hearts are
wrapped” [i.e. sealed against reception]. Rather, Allaah has sealed them because of their
disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few (201).
156. And [We cursed them] for their disbelief and their saying against
Mary a great slander (202),
157. And [for] their saying, “Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the
messenger of Allaah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was
made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They
have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for
certain (203).
158. Rather, Allaah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allaah Exalted in Might and Wise.
159. And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in him
[i.e. Jesus] before his death (204). And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them awitness.
160. For wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We made unlawful for them [certain] good foods
which had been lawful to them, and for their averting from the way of Allaah many [people].
161. And [for] their taking of usury while they had been forbidden from it, and their consuming
of the people’s wealth unjustly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers — among them a
painful punishment.
162. But those firm in knowledge among them and the believers believe in what has been
revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], and what _ was revealed before
you. And the establishers of prayer [especially] and the givers of zakah and the believers in
Allaah and the Last Day — those We will give a great reward.
163. Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam], as We
revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac,
Jacob, the Descendants (205), Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave
the book [of Psalms].
164. And [We sent] messengers about whom We have related [their stories] to you before and
messengers about whom We have not related to you. And Allaah spoke to Moses with [direct]
speech.
165. [We sent] messengers as bringers of good tidings and warners so that mankind will have
no argument against Allaah after the messengers. And ever is Allaah Exalted in Might and
Wise.166. But Allaah bears witness to that which He has revealed to you. He has sent it down with
His knowledge, and the angels bear witness [as well]. And sufficient is Allaah as Witness.
167. Indeed, those who disbelieve and avert [people] from the way of Allaah have certainly
gone far astray.
168. Indeed, those who disbelieve and commit wrong [or injustice] — never will Allaah forgive
them, nor will He guide them to a path,
169. Except the path of Hell; they will abide therein forever. And that, for Allaah, is [always]
easy.
170. O mankind, the Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord, so believe; it is
better for you. But if you disbelieve — then indeed, to Allaah belongs whatever is in the
heavens and earth. And ever is Allaah Knowing and Wise.
171. O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion (206) or say about Allaah
except the truth, The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allaah and His
word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in
Allaah and His messengers. And do not say, ‘Three;’ desist — it is better for you. Indeed,
Allaah is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the
heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allaah as Disposer of affairs.
172. Never would the Messiah disdain to be a servant of Allaah, nor would the angels near [to
Him]. And whoever disdains His worship and is arrogant — He will gather them to Himself all
together.
173. And as for those who believed and did righteous deeds, He will give them in full their
rewards and grant them extra from His bounty. But as for those who disdained and were
arrogant, He will punish them with a painful punishment, and they will not find for themselves
besides Allaah any protector or helper.
174. O mankind, there has come to you a conclusive proof from your Lord, and We have sent
down to you a clear light (207).
175. So those who believe in Allaah and hold fast to Him — He will admit them to mercy from
Himself and bounty and guide them to Himself on a straight path.
176. They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, “Allaah gives you a ruling concerning one
having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs].” If a man dies, leaving no child but [only]
a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no
child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two thirds of what he left. If there
are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allaah makes clear to
you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allaah is Knowing of all things.
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Footnotes:
133. An-Nisaa’: The Women.
134. in whose name.
135. i.e. request favors and demand rights.136. i.e. fear Allaah in regard to relations of kinship.
137. When used in conjunction with Allaah’s attributes the word ever (occurring repeatedly
throughout this Chapter and elsewhere, such as in Chapter Al-Ahzaab) is quite inadequate in
imparting the sense of continuation expressed by the word kana in Arabic, which indicates
“always was, is, and always will be.”
138. The obligatory bridal gift (mahr).
139. Knowing that it is lawful,
140. Although it is their property, Allaah (Subhanahu Wa ta’ala) refers to it in the collective
sense, reminding us that all wealth is provided by Him for the maintenance of the community
as well as of individual members.
141. Literally, “that which he left.”
142. Although the siblings themselves do not inherit in this case.
143. Based upon prophetic Hadiths, scholars have ruled that debt takes precedent over a
bequest, that a bequest may not include any who inherit by law, and that the total bequest may
not be more than one third of one’s estate. After the fulfillment of debts and bequests (if any),
the remainder of the estate is lobe divided according to the ordinances in this Chapter.
144. These shares are divided equally between males and females.
145. This is a condition for any bequest. If it has been violated by the deceased, his bequest is
not to he honored, or it maybe adjusted by the executor. See 2:182.
146. The witnesses must swear to actually having seen the act-taking place.147. The “other way” (i.e. penalty) was later revealed in 24:2, canceling the ruling in this verse.
148. Scholars differ over whether “the two” refers to two of the same sex (i.e., homosexuals) or
those of opposite sexes. In either case, later rulings outlined in the Sunnah have replaced this
one.
149. The deceased man’s heirs have no rights of marriage or otherwise over his widow.
150. at the time of marriage as mahr.
151. before Islam. After the ruling was revealed by Allaah, men were required to release those
women unlawful to them (e.g., a stepmother, one of two sisters, or any wives over the limit of
four). The same obligation applies to one once he has accepted Islam.
152. See previous footnote.
153. i.e. slaves or war captives who had polytheist husbands.
154. The mahr, a specified gift to the bride required of the man upon marriage.
155. i.e. unlawfully or under false pretense.
156. This may refer to shares of inheritance, wages and reward in the Hereafter.
157. By bequest, as only those relatives mentioned in verses 11 and 12 inherit fixed shares.
158. This applies primarily to the husband-wife relationship.
159. i.e. their husbands’ property and their own chastity.
160. as a last resort. Ii is unlawful to strike the face or to cause bodily injury.
161 i.e. those whose acquaintance you have made. Also interpreted as the wife.162. The use of intoxicants was later prohibited completely. See 5:90-91.
163. Literally, “distance.” The state of one under obligation to perform Ghusl (a complete bath)
due to having had sexual intercourse or ejaculation.
164. See footnote to 2:104.
165. Or “except with little belief.”
166. See 7:163-166.
167. Prophetic teachings.
168. In what was given to them. Also interpreted as “in him,” i.e., Muhammad (sallallaahu
alayhi wa sallam)
169. False objects of worship or those transgressors who usurp the divine right of government.
170. i.e. use not violence against them.
171. The spoils of war. Although having pretended to befriend the believers in support of
Allaah’s religion, the hypocrite will not be willing to fight except for material gain.
172. See footnote to 4:60.
173. Before Allaah gave permission.
174. Addressing the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam)
175. As a result of your mistakes or sins.
176. i.e. its meanings and its objective.
177. Allaah is able to defeat them in such a way as to deter others from attempting anythingsimilar.
178. Providing protecting, witnessing, keeping precise records and capable of recompense.
179. i.e. divided between two view points — whether or not they should be fought and killed.
180. As the result of their disobedience and disloyally.
181. Allaah (Subhanahu wa ta’ala) leaves or sends astray those who choose to reject His
guidance.
182. Uninterrupted except when there is an islamically valid reason, as in Ramadhan.
183. An accidental death usually results from some degree of negligence or error for which the
believer feels the need to repent.
184. Do not assume that he pretends Islam merely in order to save himself, for he may be
sincere in faith.
185. By preferring to remain among the disbelievers, although they have the means to emigrate,
in an environment where a Muslim is unable to practice his religion freely.
186. They are prevented by circumstances beyond their control.
187. The four rak’ah prayers are shortened to two rak’ahs.
188. The example of the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) and his companions illustrates
that fear is not a condition for this allowance, merely travel.
189. at times of fear on the battleground.
190. i.e. make him responsible for his choice.191. i.e. their rights, in general, and their mahr, specifically.
192. i.e. holding on to self-interests.
193. Neither divorced nor enjoying the rights of marriage.
194. i.e. more knowledgeable of their best interests. Therefore, adhere to what He has enjoined
upon you and testify honestly.
195. i.e. renew, confirm and adhere to your belief.
196. Being the source of all power and honor, Allaah grants them to whom He wills.
197. In this world, by participation in their blasphemy, and in the next, where you will shore
their punishment.
198. In the Hereafter, but possibly in this world as well.
199. Allaah is always able to exact retribution, although He pardons out of His grace.
200. Another interpretation is “And [We made certain good foods unlawful to them],” based
upon verse 160.
201. Or ‘except with little belief.’
202. When they accused her of fornication.
203. Another meaning is “And they did not kill him, being certain [of his identity],” i.e. they
killed another assuming it was Jesus (upon whom be peace).
204. One interpretation is that “his death” refers to that of Jesus after his return to earth. Or it
can mean “the death of every individual from among the People of the Scripture.”205. Al-Asbat: See footnote to 2136.
206. Such as attributing divine qualities to certain creations of Allaah or revering them
excessively.
207. Showing the truth (i.e. the Quran).
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